Analysis of Accident-Prone Areas in North Jakarta (Case: Cakung – Cilincing Road )

Transportation is an important part of human life, which has the benefit of facilitating the movement of people and the transportation of goods. This study aims to determine and analyze the locations where accidents often occur along the Cakung Cilincing road, North Jakarta and determine what factors cause accidents along this road. The research on the analysis of accident-prone areas used the observation method with the quantity data provided by the North Jakarta Police Traffic Unit through IRSMS data, and the survey method was carried out on roads with the recording of passing vehicles, followed by calculations according to MKJI 1997. The results of the study were the location coordinates of the locations that had the highest value Accident-prone, namely segment 3 at the coordinate point 6.140891 to -6.13712 with an AEK value of 80 which causes 6 deaths, 0 serious injuries, 1 minor injury, 5 objects losses, and Rp.13,200,000 material loss. The number of accidents at the coordinate point was 5 incidents. The value of material losses from accidents on Jalan Cakung Cilincing reached Rp. 92,900,000 for the last 4 years from 2016 2019. And research on road segment performance obtained LOS A with DS 0.06 in the morning, 0.06 in the afternoon, and 0, 07 in the afternoon.


Introduction
A traffic accident is an event on the road which is unexpected and accidents involving a vehicle with or without other road users resulting in human casualties and/or property loss. (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tentang Angkutan Jalan Lalu Lintas, 2009). According to Ms Laura Sminkey (2018), from WHO.int reports from 180 countries, showing that worldwide the total number of road traffic fatalities has reached 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic death rates in low-income countries. According to Putra (2019) Traffic accidents are events that are difficult to predict when and where they occur. Accidents not only cause trauma, injury, or disability but can also result in death. Accidents are difficult to minimize and tend to increase with the increasing length of roads and the number of movements of the vehicle.
The National Police of the Republic of Indonesia noted that the number of traffic accidents in 2019 increased compared to 2018. Throughout 2019 the number of traffic accidents in Indonesia increased by 3%, but the number of victims who died decreased by 6% compared to 2018 (Ramadhan 2019).
In the North Jakarta area, the number of motor vehicle accidents in 2019 has increased quite drastically. Due to the large roads that usually have heavy vehicles moving along with motorbike and minibus users. Lack of attention from road users, especially motorbikes, to avoid blind spots. A Blind Spot is a condition when we cannot see objects around us. Various possibilities can occur including the danger of traffic accidents.
In an area, sometimes accident data is not recorded completely, due to the limited data they have, therefore a method is needed that can detect which areas are prone to accidents. So the authors researched and made this study to know the number of traffic accidents per kilometer using the UCL (Upper Control Limit) method, on Jalan Cakung Cilincing Raya, North Jakarta City.

General Description
In this study, the following will explain and discuss research methods regarding how to survey and how to process the data to be used. The purpose of the survey was to obtain data which was then processed and know the characteristics of which locations were prone to traffic accidents on Cakung-Cilincing Road, North Jakarta. The following research locations are shown in Figure 1. Exactly located on Cakung Cilincing Road, North Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta.

Data Retrieval
This accident data is secondary data obtained from the North Jakarta Police Traffic Unit, precisely from the IRSMS data, it is an accident data recording application developed by the POLRI that should be used as the basis for decision making and campaigning for road safety activities. Meanwhile, the data for the analysis of the performance of roads are taken directly by conducting a location survey as primary data followed by calculations according to the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1997). The data required in the analysis of accident-prone areas and road performance analysis includes secondary data and primary data.
Secondary data includes: a. Victim fatality data b. Number of accident victims c. Type of accident d. Accident coordinates e. Street name f. The total value of material losses Meanwhile, primary data includes: a. The volume of vehicles passing Cakung Cilincing Road, North Jakarta b. The side barriers that were around it c. Geometric path The tools used to retrieve primary data are: a. Speed Gun is a tool used to measure the length of the road b. Survey form to record the number of vehicles passing and what conflicts have occurred at the site c. Counter is used to count the number of vehicles entering the road

Application of Methods
The data that has been obtained is then recapitulated according to the method used. Here the authors use the AEK method (Accident Equivalent Number) to calculate the analysis of accident-prone areas in North Jakarta. The method used also uses the observation method where the quantity data is taken from the authorized party, namely the North Jakarta Police Traffic Unit, which is then processed according to the Traffic Accident Data Collection Manual. As for the road performance data obtained using a survey method, namely the method of recording the number of vehicles passing Cakung Cilincing Road, North Jakarta, and followed by calculations according to the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1997).
The sequence of data application for the analysis of accident-prone areas: a. Know the fatality data for accident victims b. Count the number of victims and losses c. Categorizes the type of accident d. Recapitulation which segments and coordinates of the accident occurred e. Classify the accident segments that have been recapitulated f. Calculating the segments that have been arranged using the AEK method g. Making survey results of the completeness of safety indicators on the highway h. Make a diagram of the results of AEK calculations The sequence of data application for road performance: a. Calculating the volume table for Cakung Cilincing Road, North Jakarta b. Calculates the side barriers factor table c. Calculates the adjustment factor variable table d. Calculating the degree of saturation to find out LOS

Analysis of Accident-Prone Areas
The data that has been obtained is formed into victim fatality data which can be seen in  Based on the table above, the types of accidents that focus on the victims who died often occur in Cakung Cilincing road, North Jakarta. Namely the front-rear collision in 21 incidents and human crashes in 6 cases. After the accident type data, there is data on the number of victims who died and accident losses which can be seen in table 3. Based on table 4 above, there are 10 segments and it is found that accidents on Cakung Cilincing road, North Jakarta often occur at the coordinate points -6.117777 to -6.113423 with a total of 6 accidents and a total of 6 victims died. Followed by the coordinates of -6.140891 to -6.13712 with a total of 6 people who died and at this coordinate point, it becomes the point with the greatest total material loss from other coordinate points, reaching Rp. 13,200,000.00.. The following is a diagram of the results of calculations using the AEK method which can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2. AEK Calculation Result Diagram
From table 4 or Figure 2 it can be concluded that segment 3 is an accident-prone area on Jalan Cakung Cilincing, North Jakarta, which has the highest AEK value among other segments, namely 80 with material losses reaching Rp. 13,200,000. So it is necessary to give special handling to suppress and minimize the occurrence of accidents in the area. After that make a table of safety indicators which can be seen in tables 5 and 6.  Based on the primary data table above, the coordinate points of -6.117777 to -6.113423 have the lowest weight for adequate facilities and have the potential to have a higher accident rate compared to segments -6.140891 to -6.13712 which relatively have a decent safety weight, although several things need to be fixed. And after conducting an in-person review several factors triggered accidents on Cakung Cilincing road. 1) Cakung Cilincing road, North Jakarta, is a national road that connects the city of East Jakarta with the city of North Jakarta so that it has an impact and creates a high level of mobility. Most of those passing through this road are heavy and large vehicles heading towards Tanjung Priok and industrial areas in the city of North Jakarta which is one of the cities in Indonesia that has the largest industrial and container areas, due to the presence of a port and container warehouse in the North Jakarta area. Therefore, many heavy vehicles are passing by in this area, around the Cakung Cilincing road there are no sufficient road markings or traffic signs and the lighting is minimal because the number of lights that go out in this area causes an accident rate between motorists and light vehicles. with heavy vehicles getting high on this track. This path is also known as the skull path because motorists or drivers on this route must always meet heavy vehicles who do not know where the actual route is.
Here the author can see that the lack of road markings, street lighting, and traffic signs as well as the road conditions that are potholes and bumpy causes the accident rate on this route to be very high and dangerous. 2) In this lane, there are also several intersections, although most intersections have signaled there are still intersections that do not have a signal, and there are also factories where the exit or entry of heavy vehicles is not too much attention, such as sign lights for the entry or exit of heavy vehicles. This causes the Cakung Cilincing route to be very prone to accidents. Starting from heavy vehicles that go fast without speed limiting signs to roads with holes and cracks, the North Jakarta city government must pay attention to this route. The North Jakarta Police Traffic Unit is aware that the Cakung Cilincing route is very prone to accidents. In a meeting between the author and one of the members of the North Jakarta Police Traffic Unit to discuss this route, the government and the police are working together to make a policy for the hours heavy vehicles pass at a certain time but this makes heavy vehicles pile up wishing to cross this route turning around looking for a route alternative. Therefore, the policy of enforcing certain hours is still insufficient to make drivers in this lane feel safe.

Road Section Performance
Geometric condition and facility data such as the following data : 1) Road width = 12 m 2) Side lane width = 4 m 3) Road type = 3 lanes / 1 direction 4) Road shoulder = existing 5) Drainage = existing 6) Road marking = no there is 7) Traffic signs = no there is The data that has been obtained through the road survey under study is made into a vehicle volume table which can be seen in Table 7 as follows. VOLUME 21 │ NUMBER 01 │ JULY 2021 https://ejournal.worldconference.id/index.php/neutron E-ISSN: 2685-3272 | P-ISSN 1412-0860 Side friction data is known from direct field surveys by observing the types of side friction events along the 200-meter road segment in the vicinity. Can be seen in table 8. Frek. Frek. Frek. Frek. Frek. Frek. Frek.
Frek After calculating the side resistance, the free flow velocity is calculated. Based on Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1997), The free-flow speed of a vehicle has the following equation: FV = ( 0 + ) x x 0 is the basic free flow velocity of a light vehicle (Km/Hour). for average speed the results are 57. is a type of Cakung Cilincing road, North Jakarta, which is 3 lanes 1 way with a lane width of 4 meters, based on Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1997), the free flow speed adjustment factor for a traffic lane width of 4 meters is 4 Km/Hour. is the free current resistance speed adjustment factor for the side resistance. The value of the side friction adjustment for the 3-lane 1-way road type with the category of kereb width is 1.5 m, then the value is 0,92.
ber Based on the total population in the city of North Jakarta ± 2,349,351 million people according to the BPS City of North Jakarta in 2020 and the value of the factor based on the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (1997) is 1,00. From this data, the following free flow velocity calculations are obtained: FV = ( 57 + 4 ) x 0,92 x 1,00 FV = 56,12 Km/Hour After calculating the speed of free flow, a capacity table for Jalan Cakung Cilincing is made which can be seen in table 9. VOLUME 21 │ NUMBER 01 │ JULY 2021 https://ejournal.worldconference.id/index.php/neutron E-ISSN: 2685-3272 | P-ISSN 1412-0860 November 2020 it is known that in the morning, afternoon and evening it has a service level of A, which means that in high-speed free-flow conditions, the driver can choose the desired speed without a hitch.

Conclussion
Based on the results of the survey and analysis of accident data on the Cakung Cilincing road, North Jakarta, it can be concluded as follows: 1) In 2016 -2019 the authors concluded that the 10 greatest value points were at coordinates -6.140891 to -6.13712 with an AEK value of 80. At these coordinates 6 people died, 0 serious injuries, 1 minor injury, loss of objects as much as 5, and material losses reaching Rp. 13,200,000.00 2) The types of accidents in the 4 years that caused the death toll were: front-back accidents reached 21 times, human crashes reached 7 times, single crashes reached 7 incidents, side -side crashes reached 2 times and frontcrashes -front with front-side crash achieves 1 time.
3) The triggering factors for accidents include Lack of traffic signs, absence of road markings, lack of lighting, potholes and damaged roads, lack of appeals such as banners regarding the importance of traffic safety, insecure facilities for road users/pedestrians. 4) According to the survey results on Wednesday 11 November 2020, the performance of roads in the morning, afternoon and evening have service level A.