RISK ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATION WORK IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF 6 (SIX) TOLL ROADS IN THE CITY TO IMPROVE TIME PERFORMANCE

The Jakarta inner ring toll road is a toll road that surrounds the inner city of Jakarta. Due to the dense number of vehicles and traffic congestion on the existing inner-city toll roads, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government plans to increase the number of inner-city toll roads to 6 sections. The project development begins with Section 1A, namely from Kelapa Gading Pulo Gebang. At present development is still at the stage of foundation work where progress in October 2019 only reached 80.97% of the target of 100%. The work has been delayed and has been extended 2 times. From these problems, this study was conducted to analyze the high risks that affect the time performance of foundation work and corrective and preventive actions. In this study data collection was carried out by distributing 4-step questionnaires, namely expert validation, pilot survey, respondents and final expert validation. Risk ranking is analyzed using MS. Excel is based on a probability and impact matrix table that aims to determine variables that have a high level of risk. From the results of data analysis, there are 4 variables that fall into the high risk category, namely the problem of land acquisition, work location is not ready, work drawings are not ready, and the core staff of the project are less competent. The results of expert recommendations for the four variables can be stated in preventive and corrective actions.


INTRODUCTION
Roads are a means for the mobility of goods and people. In big cities such as Jakarta, many highways have already exceeded the planned capacity, causing congestion to occur. The increased production of motor vehicles and the ease of the buying process are the main factors increasing the number of motorized vehicles on the road. From these problems, the Government built a toll road that aims to reduce the burden of traffic and congestion that occurs on public roads and reduce air pollution due to slow or stagnant motorized vehicles. And the Jakarta Inner Ring Road (JIRR) was built, which is a toll road that circles the inner city of Jakarta. This toll road is divided into 3 parts namely Cawang -Pluit Toll Road (Jakarta Intra Urban Tollroad), Port Toll Road (Pluit -Tanjung Priok toll road) and Ir. Wiyoto Wiyono (Cawang -Tanjung Priok section). Due to the high number of vehicles and traffic congestion on the toll road, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government plans to increase the inner-city toll road to 6 (Six) sections, namely Kampung Melayu -Kemayoran (9.6 km), Semanan -Sunter through Rawa Buaya Duri Pulo ( 22.8 km), Kampung Melayu -Duri Pulo via Tomang (11.4 km), Sunter -Pulo Gebang via Kelapa Gading (10.8 km), Ulujami -Tanah Abang (8.3 km), and Pasar Minggu -Casablanca (9.5 km). The construction of 6 (six) toll roads is mostly elevated, along the river and railroad lines (Project Document, 2017). In the first section, the development is divided into 3 sections, namely Section A from Kelapa Gading to Pulo Gebang, Section B from Semanan to Grogol and Section C from Grogol to Kelapa Gading. The project development starts from section A, from Kelapa Gading to Pulo Gebang. VOLUME 20 │ NUMBER 1 │ JULY 2020 https://ejournal.worldconference.id/index.php/neutron ISSN: 2685-3272 (online) This project uses a type of bored pile foundation with a diameter of 1200 mm where the volume of drilling reaches 96,596.22 m with a planned time to carry out the foundation work from September 1, 2017 to April 1, 2018. But the reality on the ground with the schedule is the work the foundation has not been completed and has completed an extension of the time for completion 2 (two) times, namely until 31 October 2019 where the work must reach 100% progress. Until the end of October 2019 the work progress only reached 80.79% from 100%. As a result of the delay in completion, the foundation contractor lost ± 5 billion. This is a serious concern because other projects did not occur. Therefore, researchers want to identify and analyze high risks that affect the time performance of foundation work along with preventive and remedial actions.
Project risk management aims to identify and manage risks that are not handled by other project management processes. When not managed, this risk has the potential to cause the project to deviate from the plan and fail to achieve the stated project goals. As a result, the effectiveness of project risk management is directly related to project success (PMBOK Guide Sixth Edition, 2017).
Risk level analysis is based on the Risk Level Index equation, where the magnitudes of the Risk Level Index are a picture of the level of risk that occurs. In accordance with (PMBOK Guide Sixth Edition, 2017), evaluation of risks in a project depends on: 1. The probability of occurrence of risk and frequency of occurrence. 2. Impact of these risks. 3. Risk level index with the following equation: R = I x P ……………………. (1) with: R = Risk Level Index I = Frequency/Probability P = Impact

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The thinking framework used in this study is a scientific approach that shows the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables in the process of analysis. The thinking framework can be outlined in the following scheme:   In this study the authors began to conduct research by determining the object of the project that will be used as a research project, namely the Development of 6 Toll Roads in the City Section 1A Kelapa Gading -Pulo Gebang.
After determining the object of research, the authors identify the problems experienced by the project. Then the authors make the formulation of the problem that will be a reference in research activities.
The next stage is the writer conducts a literature study by studying various journals related to the risks that occur in the project. From the journal the writer obtained some data, namely variables that have been studied, procedures that have been applied and results in research. After reviewing various journals, the author compiles variables that will be the basis for making the questionnaire. The results of the distribution of questionnaires will be the primary data in this study. In addition to distributing questionnaires, primary data were obtained by interviewing those involved in the implementation of the project (contractor), especially those  who were competent and knew the project conditions. In this study there are secondary data that will be used, namely time schedule for the implementation of foundation work. Arrange the first stage questionnaire which aims to ask the opinions of experts (experts) on the questionnaire that has been made by the author. This step can be said as a validation of the questionnaire whether the expert agrees or not that the variables that exist are risks that affect time performance. In addition, ask experts to add or subtract existing variables.
The distribution of questionnaire phase II (pilot survey) where in this activity the writer spreads the questionnaire to several prospective respondents.
Distribution of stage III questionnaire where the questionnaire is the main questionnaire and distributed to several respondents. The respondents are selected people who are competent and know the conditions that occur in the project. To identify risk variables, a qualitative method of data analysis was carried out, namely interviewing experts and continued with quantitative data analysis for the results of the questionnaire from respondents. The data that has been collected is processed using the SPSS (Statistical for Social Science) program for validation and reliability testing. After that the results of the questionnaire were analyzed with the Risk Index method to determine the level of risk that occurred.
The distribution of the stage IV questionnaire was carried out to obtain recommendations from experts on the results of the analysis of research data. These opinions include preventive measures and corrective actions. Researchers provide conclusions in the form of answers to the identification of problems related to risk that affect the time performance of foundation work and the most dominant risk.
From the results of the literature study, the following research variables were obtained: The population in this study were all staff and workers involved in the foundation work of the 6th Toll Road Construction Project in the City Section 1A Kelapa Gading -Pulo Gebang consisting of the main contractor, consultant, foundation contractor and field supervisor. From a total population of around 30 people and the percentage of inaccuracy used by 5% using the Slovin formula obtained the number of samples taken was 28 people. The respondent's identity can be described into several criteria, namely education, work experience in the field of foundation construction and position.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The data that has been collected will be carried out statistical analysis as follows:

a. Results of validity test
The sample data used was 28 (N = 28) and the significance level used was 5%, then by looking at the r Product Moment Value table, the r value = 0.374 was obtained. Then the r count is obtained by using SPSS software and the results can be seen in Table 2. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of risk data which have an impact on time performance is obtained 0.950 where the value is greater than 0.5 so that the instrument used in retrieving the data can be said to be reliable.

c. Risk Analysis
After knowing the value of the frequency scale and the impact of events then make a weighting with the average results of the impact value and probability value. Furthermore, the average probability value is multiplied by the average impact value and the highest variables are taken to produce the results as the dominant risk affecting project time performance. To determine the risk level of research variables, the results of the above calculations are matched with the opportunity and impact matrix. Low VOLUME 20 │ NUMBER 1 │ JULY 2020 https://ejournal.worldconference.id/index.php/neutron ISSN: 2685-3272 (online) Risk calculations and risk rating categories can be seen in the table below: From the results of the phase III data analysis, four risk variables are included in the high category and can be seen in Table 5.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion of the data analysis process, conclusions can be drawn including: 1. Based on the results obtained from the risk analysis it is known that of the 35 variables there are 4 variables that have a high level of risk that affect the time performance of the implementation of foundation work which is stated with a value of 0.20 -0.72 and has been validated by 3 experts as the following: -There is a problem of land acquisition (X5) -Site location has not ready for work (X10) -The working drawing is not ready (X14) -Inadequate core project personnel (X20) 2. From the results of stage IV data collection, recommendations for preventive actions and corrective actions resulting from the two risk variables are obtained. The recommendations of the three experts are as follows: a. Land acquisition issues (X5) -Preventive action: clear scope of work in the contract, be careful in starting the implementation time and pay attention to environmental aspects related to each work item and carefully review the scope of work on the contract. -Corrective action: filing a claim against the employer, paying attention to environmental aspects at each start of the implementation period for the connection of each work item and submitting an amendment to the contract amendment to the employer. b. Work location not ready (X10) -Preventive action: joint survey between employers, contractors and consultants, remeasuring work sites, and reviewing the suitability of work sites with contracts. -Corrective action: joint meeting to find the best solution for land acquisition, and submission of new contract improvements to employers. c. Working drawings not ready (X14) -Preventive action: the design has been approved before the project starts and ensures the forcont drawing before starting the project. -Corrective action: submit a claim to the employer regarding the unfinished picture by the planner, submit the corrected drawing of the forcont picture to the planner and monitor every change in the detailed picture. d. Inadequate core project personnel (X20) -Preventive action: provide training to project staff, set high standards for each new recruitment force and provide incentive / reward money for each competitive core of the project. -Corrective action: recruit workers according to the needs and competency standards, regeneration of less productive workers and termination of employment contracts to incompetent core workers.

Suggestion
In carrying out the work in the 6 (Six) Toll Roads Construction Project in the City of Jakarta, 4 high risks were found that affected time performance. For this reason, the author can provide some suggestions that might be useful for the parties concerned: 1. The contractor must take into account the non-productive time caused by the problem of land acquisition, location and work drawings that are not ready in preparing the project implementation plan. 2. Improve the quality of core staff by holding training on project management. 3. Improving the quality of work results by monitoring work and controlling whether the work is in accordance with the plan. 4. The need to apply Project Risk Management Analysis which must be applied to each project so that the risks that occur can be anticipated from the beginning.