BLOCKCHAIN LOGISTIC SHIPS (BLS) AND SMART CONTRACTS FOR TRANSPARENT MARITIME SUPPLY CHAINS: AN EVIDENCE-AUDITED FRAMEWORK FOR INDONESIAN PORTS

Rudi Dwi Arifiyanto; Adi Prawito; Derrick I-Hsien Ting

doi:10.29138/neutron.v24i02.303

Rudi Dwi Arifiyanto Narotama University
Adi Prawito Narotama University
Derrick I-Hsien Ting National University of Kaohsiung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29138/neutron.v24i02.303

Keywords: Blockchain Logistic Ships, Electronic Bill of Lading, Hyperledger Fabric, Indonesia, Port Community Systems, Smart Contracts

Abstract

Indonesian maritime logistics involves multiple organizations that exchange cargo documents, vessel-call information, and trade-finance records. This article develops an evidence-audited conceptual framework for Blockchain Logistic Ships (BLS), integrating a permissioned ledger, electronic bills of lading (e-BLs), smart contracts, and vessel/port Internet-of-Things (IoT) telemetry. The analysis combines the scope of official Statistics Indonesia (BPS) Sea Transportation Statistics publications for 2021–2024 with verified peer-reviewed literature and technical/legal standards. A four-layer architecture is proposed for sensor acquisition, interoperability, blockchain validation, and document/finance applications. The published literature supports potential gains in traceability and document coordination, but identifies governance, adoption, legal-recognition, interoperability, and cybersecurity barriers. Claims of specific dwell-time reductions, anti-fraud percentages, and cost savings in the preliminary manuscript could not be substantiated with documented port experiments. Accordingly, this paper offers a reproducible evaluation protocol rather than presenting these figures as measured impacts. The resulting framework specifies source validation, event-timestamp benchmarks, ledger-performance testing, and financial sensitivity analysis as requirements for pilot deployment in Indonesian ports.