IoT-ENABLED SMART MARITIME TRANSPORTATION ARCHITECTURE FOR INDONESIA'S BLUE ECONOMY: A CAUSAL DPSIR FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS UTILIZING BPS SDLP 2023 AND OFFICIAL MARITIME DATA

Abstract

Indonesia's archipelagic transport and fisheries networks need interoperable monitoring and decision-support tools. This study develops a conceptual Internet of Things (IoT) architecture linked to the Drivers–Pressures–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework and reviews official indicators from BPS Statistics of Marine and Coastal Resources 2023 and Indonesia's Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP). BPS reports that fisheries gross domestic product at current prices rose from IDR 385.9 trillion in 2018 to IDR 505.1 trillion in 2022; fisheries exports reached approximately USD 6.24 billion in 2022. The proposed four-layer architecture joins onboard sensors and AIS/VMS, edge processing, secure network transmission, and cloud-based fleet and environmental dashboards. A DPSIR matrix connects economic drivers, environmental pressures, observed conditions, associated impacts, and policy or technology responses. Official KKP reporting puts the national marine conservation area at about 28.91 million hectares at end-2022, a broader figure than the 21.84 million hectares reproduced in the submitted manuscript. The framework is a design proposal supported by secondary statistical description: no IoT prototype, vessel-fuel trial, predictive-maintenance experiment, or quantified emissions benefit was independently validated in this study.