TECHNO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK AND MICROGRID OPTIMIZATION FOR SMART RENEWABLE ENERGY LOGISTIC PORTS (SRE-LP) IN ARCHIPELAGIC MARITIME NETWORKS: A SCENARIO-BASED ASSESSMENT FOR INDONESIA

Abstract

Ports in Indonesian archipelagic logistics face growing demand for reliable terminal electricity and lower emissions from ships at berth. This study develops a transparent scenario-based techno-economic framework for a Smart Renewable Energy Logistic Port (SRE-LP) combining solar photovoltaics (PV), coastal wind generation, lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage (BESS), high-voltage onshore power supply (OPS), and an integrated energy management system (EMS). Official Indonesian maritime statistical publications are used to establish the policy and data context; technology architecture and evaluation metrics are grounded in traceable international standards and peer-reviewed research. The configuration assessed is a proposed 12.5-MWp PV system, 4.5-MW wind cluster, 8-MWh/4-MW BESS and two OPS connection points totaling 4.5 MW. Using the draft’s hypothetical capital expenditure of US$18.45 million, constant annual net savings of US$3.42 million, a 20-year period and 8.5% discount rate, an arithmetic recalculation yields an illustrative net present value of US$13.91 million, internal rate of return of 17.84%, and discounted payback of 7.53 years. Direct vessel-at-berth emissions potentially avoided by OPS must be evaluated together with grid-generation emissions. Because audited tariff records, hourly metering, emission factors and field validation were not supplied, these results represent scenario calculations, not proven operational performance at Indonesian ports.