The Influence of Time Management, Workload, and Work-Life Balance on the Performance of Employees Who Study While Working in Surabaya
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of time management, workload, and work-life balance on the performance of employees who simultaneously pursue higher education in Surabaya. A quantitative explanatory design was employed, with data collected through questionnaires from 32 working students and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that time management has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (β = 0.611, t = 2.327, p = 0.027), while workload also has a significant effect (β = 0.020, t = 2.111, p = 0.042). Work-life balance significantly affects employee performance (β = 0.336, t = 2.289, p = 0.030). Time management represents the strongest predictor based on the standardized coefficient. The regression model explains 39.5% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.395), while the adjusted R² is 0.327. These findings indicate that employees who combine work and higher education require effective time allocation, manageable work demands, and adequate balance between professional, academic, and personal responsibilities. The study contributes contextual evidence on working students, a relatively specific employee group that remains less examined in Indonesian organizational research.
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