Neutron

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FOR SMART SEA TRANSPORTATION AND PORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: AN INDONESIAN EVIDENCE-INFORMED FRAMEWORK

Ifan Widayatullah — 2025-07-31

Indonesia’s archipelagic geography places considerable demands on marine transport, port environmental management and fisheries surveillance. This article develops an evidence-informed artificial intelligence (AI) framework linking public marine statistics to three proposed analytical functions: gradient-boosted water-quality prediction, recurrent time-series forecasting and vessel-trajectory anomaly screening. The study reviews the officially published BPS Marine and Coastal Resources Statistics 2023, related KKP fleet data and traceable peer-reviewed methods. Government-reported 2022 marine fishing craft totaled 893,258, while the 2022 fisheries production figures in a later BPS statistical compilation were approximately 7.49 million tonnes from capture fisheries and 14.78 million tonnes from aquaculture. The proposed four-layer architecture specifies data, preprocessing, analytics and human-validated decisions. Importantly, the submitted manuscript does not supply model code, station-level training data, out-of-sample predictions or patrol simulation logs; its claimed AI accuracy and fuel savings therefore cannot be independently validated. The contribution is a reproducible research design and evidence map rather than a demonstrated performance improvement.

IoT-ENABLED SMART MARITIME TRANSPORTATION ARCHITECTURE FOR INDONESIA'S BLUE ECONOMY: A CAUSAL DPSIR FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS UTILIZING BPS SDLP 2023 AND OFFICIAL MARITIME DATA

Rudi Dwi Arifiyanto — 2025-07-31

Indonesia's archipelagic transport and fisheries networks need interoperable monitoring and decision-support tools. This study develops a conceptual Internet of Things (IoT) architecture linked to the Drivers–Pressures–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework and reviews official indicators from BPS Statistics of Marine and Coastal Resources 2023 and Indonesia's Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP). BPS reports that fisheries gross domestic product at current prices rose from IDR 385.9 trillion in 2018 to IDR 505.1 trillion in 2022; fisheries exports reached approximately USD 6.24 billion in 2022. The proposed four-layer architecture joins onboard sensors and AIS/VMS, edge processing, secure network transmission, and cloud-based fleet and environmental dashboards. A DPSIR matrix connects economic drivers, environmental pressures, observed conditions, associated impacts, and policy or technology responses. Official KKP reporting puts the national marine conservation area at about 28.91 million hectares at end-2022, a broader figure than the 21.84 million hectares reproduced in the submitted manuscript. The framework is a design proposal supported by secondary statistical description: no IoT prototype, vessel-fuel trial, predictive-maintenance experiment, or quantified emissions benefit was independently validated in this study.

WIND RENEWABLE ENERGY LOGISTIC SHIPS (WRELS) FOR DECARBONIZING ARCHIPELAGIC MARITIME TRANSPORTATION: AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE, WEATHER ROUTING, AND AN EVIDENCE-BASED ASSESSMENT FOR INDONESIA

Yusuf Rachman Hidayat — 2025-07-31

This paper develops an evidence-based engineering appraisal of wind-assisted ship propulsion (WASP) for Indonesian inter-island logistics. The proposed Wind Renewable Energy Logistic Ship (WRELS) integrates Flettner rotors, optional rigid or suction sails, weather-informed routing, propulsion matching, and operational energy monitoring. Official Statistics Indonesia (BPS) sea transportation publication metadata for 2021–2024, IMO guidance, and traceable peer-reviewed research are used to establish the context and methods. Because vessel-specific sea trials, port datasets, and calibrated wind resource files were not supplied, the numerical values in the submitted manuscript are assessed only as illustrative assumptions, not measured Indonesian outcomes. The change from 14.2 to 9.8 L/NM corresponds arithmetically to a 31.0% decrease under equal operating conditions; this is not a validated retrofit saving. A proposed economic case of USD 1.45 million investment and USD 385,000 annual gross savings implies a simple payback of 3.77 years before maintenance, financing and downtime. EEOI and regulatory CII ratings cannot be established from fuel-use assumptions alone. A reproducible validation protocol is provided for future route-level deployment.

TECHNO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK AND MICROGRID OPTIMIZATION FOR SMART RENEWABLE ENERGY LOGISTIC PORTS (SRE-LP) IN ARCHIPELAGIC MARITIME NETWORKS: A SCENARIO-BASED ASSESSMENT FOR INDONESIA

Candra Setiawan — 2025-07-31

Ports in Indonesian archipelagic logistics face growing demand for reliable terminal electricity and lower emissions from ships at berth. This study develops a transparent scenario-based techno-economic framework for a Smart Renewable Energy Logistic Port (SRE-LP) combining solar photovoltaics (PV), coastal wind generation, lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage (BESS), high-voltage onshore power supply (OPS), and an integrated energy management system (EMS). Official Indonesian maritime statistical publications are used to establish the policy and data context; technology architecture and evaluation metrics are grounded in traceable international standards and peer-reviewed research. The configuration assessed is a proposed 12.5-MWp PV system, 4.5-MW wind cluster, 8-MWh/4-MW BESS and two OPS connection points totaling 4.5 MW. Using the draft’s hypothetical capital expenditure of US$18.45 million, constant annual net savings of US$3.42 million, a 20-year period and 8.5% discount rate, an arithmetic recalculation yields an illustrative net present value of US$13.91 million, internal rate of return of 17.84%, and discounted payback of 7.53 years. Direct vessel-at-berth emissions potentially avoided by OPS must be evaluated together with grid-generation emissions. Because audited tariff records, hourly metering, emission factors and field validation were not supplied, these results represent scenario calculations, not proven operational performance at Indonesian ports.

SMART RENEWABLE ENERGY LOGISTIC PORTS (SRELP) FOR DECARBONIZING ARCHIPELAGIC MARITIME LOGISTICS: TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY AND MICROGRID MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Candra Setiawan — 2025-07-31

This article proposes a reproducible technical assessment framework for Smart Renewable Energy Logistic Ports (SRELP) in an Indonesian archipelagic setting. The conceptual architecture integrates port electrical loads, renewable generation, battery energy storage systems (BESS), high-voltage shore connections, and an energy management system (EMS). The study uses the existence and coverage of official Statistics Indonesia (BPS) maritime publications as contextual evidence, while reviewing peer-reviewed port-microgrid studies, the IMO 2023 GHG Strategy and IEC/IEEE 80005-1. The initial manuscript reported 84.6% emission abatement, 64.2% operating-cost savings and 4.2-year payback without underlying metered electricity, vessel-call profiles, emission factors or project cash flows. These values therefore cannot be accepted as validated empirical results. The paper instead formulates dispatch constraints, an auditable emissions boundary, economic evaluation equations and a measurement protocol for future pilot validation. A cross-check with the BPS historical ship-call table also identifies a discrepancy in the manuscript’s 2022 national port-call figure. The main contribution is a traceable, site-specific research design that separates established literature, proposed technologies, illustrative arithmetic and outcomes requiring field evidence.