Evaluation and Optimization of Time Management for the Construction Project of Kedang Ipil Water Supply System (SPAM) with a Capacity of 30 Liters per Second in Kota Bangun Darat District Using the Critical Path Method (CPM)
Abstract
Time management in construction projects is one of the key factors determining project success, particularly in complex public infrastructure projects such as the construction of a Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM). This study aims to evaluate the time management of the Kedang Ipil SPAM construction project with a capacity of 30 liters per second in Kota Bangun Darat, Kutai Kartanegara, using the Critical Path Method (CPM). The research data include the planning schedule (time schedule), weekly and monthly realization reports, progress documentation, and work activity weightings. A quantitative descriptive method was used to analyze the critical path, compare planned and actual durations, and evaluate the cumulative progress deviations of the project. The study found that the actual project duration reached 204 days, exceeding the planned duration of 184 days, with a total deviation of 20 days. The identified critical path included key activities such as the construction of the pump house, reservoir, mechanical and electrical installation, and the water treatment plant (WTP). Project delays were caused by issues related to material procurement, adverse weather conditions, and insufficient field coordination. The cumulative progress S-curve analysis showed the largest negative deviation of -4.527% in week 8 and the maximum positive deviation of +4.606% in week 20. Despite the delays, the project managed to achieve 100% cumulative progress by week 24 through efforts such as increasing the workforce, accelerating material procurement, and strengthening field supervision. The implementation of CPM proved effective in detecting critical activities and supporting swift decision-making to minimize delays. These research findings highlight the importance of adaptive and scientifically-based time control in large-scale construction projects and provide practical contributions to the development of time management strategies in similar infrastructure projects.
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